What Do Bed Bugs Look Like?
Proper identification is the first step to sorting any problem, and this fact cannot be stressed enough when it comes to bed bug removal. Until and unless you know what bed bugs look like, you cannot really begin to eliminate these pests off your property. Efficient and successful removal of bed bugs is possible when proper and specific methods are
If you are unable to properly identify the type of pest you are up against, any of the methods you try for their removal are uncertain to provide you success.
Appearance
How to Identify Bed Bugs
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Size & Shape | Adult bed bugs are about the size of an apple seed, typically measuring 4 to 6 mm long. They have flat, oval-shaped bodies with tapered abdomens. |
| Colour | Adult bed bugs are generally reddish-brown, while the young ones are lighter in colour. |
| Body Structure | Bed bugs have three main body segments: the head, thorax, and abdomen. They have six legs and short, segmented antennae. |
| Wings | Bed bugs do not have wings and cannot fly. However, they crawl around rather quickly on fabrics & furniture and can easily climb walls and ceilings. |
| Bed Bug Eggs | Eggs are tiny, about 1 mm in size, pearl-white in colour, and shaped like a rice grain. They are often found in clusters attached to surfaces using a sticky substance. |
| Hiding Spots | Bed bugs prefer hiding in cracks and crevices, such as mattress seams, bed frames, headboards, furniture joints, and electrical outlets. They are elusive pests. |
| Bed Bug Bites | Their bites are often smaller than a mosquito bite, with red, itchy welts on the skin. However, bites alone are insufficient to diagnose a bed bug infestation and proper inspection is required. |
Characteristics of Bed Bugs
Bed bugs are known and distinguished from a variety of similar insects due to their reddish brown appearance (which usually occurs after they have fed), as well as the lack of wings, and a back-to-stomach flattening (i.e. extreme dorsal-ventral appearance). You will not find the flattening in these bugs to be as obvious when they have recently been fed. The largest they typically get is 7mm, which is roughly a quarter of an inch in length.
As mentioned earlier, identification is the most critical aspect of bed bug infestation. An average person is likely to misidentify other insects’ nymphs and pests as bed bugs. This is why you need to confirm whether or not the bug you have encountered in your home is a bed bug or not. You can consult a pest management agency or entomologist in this regard. Your regional Public Health Unit can also help you out with the identification.
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Bugs That Look Like Bed Bugs
Do not confuse bed bugs with ticks, flees or spiders if you happen to see one crawling up your wall. Bed bugs belong to the class insecta and so they have 6 legs, whereas spiders belong to the class arachnida and have 8 legs.
Other critters that bed bugs resemble are: bat bugs, swallow bugs, ticks, spider beetles, carpet beetle larvae, cockroach nymphs, fleas and booklouse.
Bat Bugs
Bat bugs which also feed on blood and are active at night look identical to bed bugs but the difference is in the length of the hairs on their pronotum compared to the bed bugs. Differentiation requires microscopic examination offered by a professional pest control exterminator. The bat bugs typically have longer hairs. They feed primarily on bats and are found mostly in attics or abandoned bird nests. They will seek refuge in mattresses when their preferred hosts are not available and they occasionally bite humans. These bugs are from the same family as bed bugs (Cimicidae family). People often spot them on their ceilings and erroneously believe them to be bed bugs due to their uncanny resemblance.
Swallow Bugs
Look almost identical to bed bugs and microscopic examination of the hairs can determine the difference. These bugs feed on birds and live in their nests. When the preferred hosts are unavailable they can feed on humans as well, and our exterminators have spotted Swallow bugs in our clients houses in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).
Ticks
Ticks are also oval, blood sucking nuisances that look like bed bugs, however they are 8 legged arachnids and they are usually found attached to the host and require removal, whereas bed bugs take their meal and hide away until requiring their next blood meal. Ticks are usually acquired from being outdoors in fields and thickets.
Spider beetles
Spider beetles are reddish brown to black and do not bite humans. Adults are 1.5-4 mm and are smaller than adult bed bugs that can reach a 1/4 inch in size. They have a shiny bulbous abdomen, their shape resembles a pear, and they look like apple seeds.
Carpet beetle larvae
The larvae are hairy and have horizontal segmentation like bed bugs. The hairs can cause irritation to human skin. They are not as broad and oval as bed bugs and they do not have a distinctive head. Carpet beetle adults have wings and no longer resemble bed bugs once they reach maturity.
Cockroach nymphs
Cockroach nymphs are reddish brown and have antennae that are longer than the size of their bodies. They are not as broad and flat as bed bugs. Their bodies have a more elongate pill-like shape rather than oval.
Fleas
Fleas are similar to bed bugs in that they are brownish red, wingless, biting insects. Fleas instead of being dorsoventrally flat (think of a book lying flat on a table) like bed bugs, they are flat laterally (like a book in an upright position in a shelf).
Booklouse
Booklouse appear similar to bed bug nymphs since they are transparent. Booklouse have a more elongate body compared to the bed bug and also have a well-defined head, whereas the bed bug head is not as well pronounced.
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References
- Health Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Bed Bugs-Pest Note. Pub: 8195. ISBN: 978-1-100-12303-5 (978-1-100-12304-2) 2009.
- Harlan, H.J. Bed Bugs – Importance, Biology, and Control Strategies. Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Technical Guide No. 44. 2006.
- Ontario Non-Profit Housing Association Bed bug Resources 2010.
- Kells, S.A. Control of Bed Bugs in Residences – Information for Pest Control Companies.
- University of Minnesota Extension Service. 2006. Canadian Edition.
- Myles, T., Brown, B., Bedard, B., Bhooi, R., Bruyere, K., Chua, A., Macsai, M., Menezes, R., Alka Salwan, A., and Takahashi, M., Bed Bugs in Toronto. Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, Research Bulletin #19. 2003.
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